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Cinema
is the popular art form which has been a good
entertainer and a strong means of mass communication
in Kerala from the previous century itself.
It has the elements of different art forms including
architecture and sculpture in it.
Moreover
Malayalam films have their own existence in
Kerala and is the most popular form of art
enjoyed by the mass. Hence Cinema has its
own influence on their culture.
The viewers in Kerala enjoy the films comprehending
the reality in it. The possess high insight
in distinguishing reality from fiction in
the themes of experimentalism. Malayalam Cinema
has contributed much to the creative and critical
analysis sectors of Malayalam literature.
Kerala
has a very rich art and cultural background.
Its films are unique in several aspects. Unlike
the other linguistic films which have started
off taking themes from the Puranas, Malayalam
films have taken relevant social issues as
its theme from the beginning.
The
all time geniuses like Aravindan, Adoor Gopalakrishnan,
John Abraham, Ramu Karriat, P A Bakkar, K.G.George,
M.T.Vasudevan Nair, Padmarajan, Bharathan,
T.V. Chandran, P.N. Menon, Shaji.N. Karun,
K. P. Kumaran, K.R.Mohanan, Jayaraj... are
the contributors of Malayalam to the world
Cinema. Despite these facts now one can make
a novel study of current cinema only in connection
with the social life here.
The
first silent movie in Malayalam "Vigatha
Kumaran" was screened in 1930, when movies
abroad has already begun to 'talk' and by
1931 sound films were also made in India.
That year, the second Malayalam film, "Marthanda
Varma", based on a well-known historical
novel by C.V.Raman Pillai, was made. Although
sound films were produced in Hindi and Tamil
regularly, Malayalam cinema had to wait till
1938 to present its first sound film, "Balan".
In the first few years,
Malayalam films were virtually dominated by
Tamil producers. Whenever they suffered loss
in Tamil films, they ventured into Malayalam
Cinema, as the investment requirements were
comparatively lower. In 1947, the first major
film studio, Udaya was established in Kerala
and by the early 50s, more Keralites entered
this field.
When Hindi and Tamil cinema started
off with mythological themes, Malayalam films
showed an interest in dealing with social
issues right from the very first film itself
(Balan).
One
of the biggest box office hits of the 50s was
"Jeevitha Nauka" (Boat of Life, 1951).
The film contained all the ingredients that
were to form the basis for future commercial
productions. The film owed its structure more
to the village festivals of Kerala than anything
else. Cinema was seen as a mixture of various
traditional art forms like music, dance, dance-drama,
mimicry and so on. Connecting these various
disparate elements was a storyline which often
showed the triumph of the good over the evil.
It was in 1954 that Malayalam cinema got national
attention by winning the President's silver
medal for Neelakuyil. Scripted by a well-known
novelist, Uroob, produced by T.K.Pareekutty,
directed by P.Bhaskaran - who also played the
key role, casted by the then leading artsts
like Sathyan and Miss Kumari, this film deals
with the subject of untouchability. Melodramatic
in style and filled with songs and dances, the
film was a big hit with the public. It was the
teamwork of a number of film enthusiasts who
took time off their professions to live near
the banks of the Periyar river in Central Kerala
discussing the script and other details of the
film. There was difficulty in location shooting
at that time. Also, studio facility was limited
in Kerala. In spite of these limitations, they
were bent on recreating authentic Kerala setting
for the story. Props, household articles, costumes
and other cultural artifacts were made and sent
to Madras for the studio work. Most of the actors
hailed from Kerala (at that time a novelty)
and they performed in front of authentically
constructed sets with all the manners and mannerisms
of Malayali characters. Even the lyrics were
derived from local folk traditions. This was
at a time when Malayalam cinema had not established
its cultural identity and was hardly distinguishable
from the Tamil films of the time except for
the spoken language.
Another significant effort was Newspaper Boy
(1955) made by a group of college students lead
by enthusiastic N.Ramdas. It made use of new
actors and tried to portray realistically the
travails of an orphaned boy. This film stands
out from the rest, because for the first time
it dispensed with all the elements of the so
called box office formula.
When one looks at these early developments,
one finds that Malayalam cinema had time to
evolve on its own from its silent days. Much
of the visual expression in international cinema
was possible because silent film had enough
time to germinate and mature by itself. But
in the case of Malayalam film, sound arrived
rather suddenly, and there was no need for Malayalam
film makers to think of communicating through
visual means. Everything could be spelt out
through dialogues. Another aspect that needs
to be mentioned here is the lack of exposure
to international cinema. No matter, how sincere
and competent the script writer and director
were, the ultimate product ended up as photographed
dramas staged within studio sets. In the early
sound films, there used to be less number of
cuts and less number of camera movements. Storyline
did not seem to be important. Different episodes
were self-contained and they made social comments,
sometimes directly, sometimes obliquely, while
attempting to entertain.
There were parallel streams of storyline going
on. All these traits could be found in Neelakuyil.
It appears that there was not much pressure
from the audience for a tight narrative. An
unhurried, leisurely pace was acceptable for
the viewers who enjoyed individual moments of
the film more than a satisfying whole, although
story was of primary importance. This was understandable
especially when cinema was seeking to displace
the pastimes of an agrarian society and the
best way to do it was by maintaining a close
equation to village fairs and festivals.
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